• Penyakit Paru Kerja.
  Mukhtar Ikhsan
  
  
  

• Community Cessation Activities Jakarta-Indonesia.
  Tjandra Y Aditama
  
• Gagal Napas Pada Miastenia Gravis
  Setia P Tarigan
   

Tinjauan Pustaka:

• Asbestosis
  Noni N  Soeroso
  
• Pneumonia Pada Penderita Dengan Ventilator di Instalasi Perawatan Intensif
  Deasy Wirasiti
  
• Cedera Inhalasi Akut
  Muhammad YH Pohan

Community Cessation Activities Jakarta-Indonesia.                                                           
                         
Tjandra Y Aditama                                                                                                                       
J Respir Indo 2006; 26(3):

Tobacco use is one of the major preventable causes of premature death and disease in the world and Smoking is an important public health problem in Indonesia. There were 215 billion cigarettes consumed every year in Indonesia, which put Indonesia as the 5th top rank cigarette consumption country in the world. Cessation program –as one of the intervention in tobacco control  has not been seriously implemented in Indonesia. WHO SEARO had initiated community cessation program activities in several member countries including Indonesia. For Indonesia the activities were held in 2 big hospitals i.e. Persahabatan (in East Jakarta) and Fatmawati (in South Jakarta), each supervising a number of high schools that are located nearby the hospital, firstly it was planned 5 high schools for every hospitals. Activities in each hospital include gain commitment from the hospital’s director, data collection of smoking habit ( by questionnaire) and smoking pattern in hospital area, health education to hospital staff as well as to hospital visitors, health education activities in hospital area (poster hanging, sound system announcement, banner, brochures dissemination etc), direct counseling to patients and their relatives by hospital nurses and regular monitoring.  Activities in schools include gain commitment from school masters, health education to students and school area, establishing Non Smoking Students’ Task Force, include parents’ organization in these activities and regular monitoring. This paper will describe result of this study in the field of process indicators (process,  health education session,  observation in hospital area,  distribution of IEC materials,  respondent interest) and the final impact at hospital, school and other impact. Illustrative examples and  lesson learned were also discussed

Keywords : Smoking, Community Cessation, Hospital, School

Gagal Napas Pada Miastenia Gravis

Setia P Tarigan
J Respir Indo 2006; 26(3):

Myesthenia gravis is a disease involved myoneal junction caused by antibody works againts acetycholine receptor in muscle that lead to interaction decreasing interacting between acetycholin and receptor yould in muscle weakness and fatique. The most common  sign is diplopia or ptosis.  Disarthria and dysphagia are sometime occur along with weakness of upper and lower extremity. Miastenia Gravis can be triggered by infection,  surgery, aminoglicoside and cholinergic drug usage.  Miastenia Gravis  can be diagnosed by administered short acting  anticholinesterase inhibitors agents  wich increase interaction between acetycholine and its receptor. This  agent increase the muscle tone. Miastenia Gravis therapied with long acting anticholinesterase agents, like pyridostigmine (mestinon) in the right dose to repairing muscle weakness, but the minimal/colinergic side effect. Steroid and immunosuppresive medicine routinely given to patient with severe diseases. About 10% patient with the severe disease needed mechanical ventilation. Respiratory failure in myasthenia gravis frequently caused by factors mentianed above. The trigger must be searched and therapied promptly. Ventilator is used if needed. One case reported from Adam Malik Hospital with repiratory failure due to mysthenia gravis. Diagnosis established by neostiguine test. Ventilator, pyridostigimine, steroid, antibiotic and mucolytic wa given. The patient cure after 29 days hospitalization.

Keywords:  Miastenia gravis, short-acting acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting agent, long- acting  anticholinesterase agents, steroid,ventilator